Arch Linux 설치, 처음부터 끝까지
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시작 #
해당 글에서는 Arch Linux iso 이미지로 부팅 가능한 USB를 만드는 방법에 대해서는 깊이 다루지 않겠습니다. 제 경우에는 KAIST Mirror 서비스를 이용하여 Arch Linux ISO 이미지를 다운로드 받았습니다. 어느정도 검증된 서비스이기도 하고, 아시아에 위치해있는 경우에는 지리적 이점으로 인해서 애용하는 미러링 서비스 중 하나입니다.
UEFI USB를 사용하여 BIOS 설정에 처음 들어가면, 아래와 같이 익숙한 검은 화면이 시작됩니다.
Install Arch Linux (x86_64) without speakup and etc...
# Welcome to Arch Linux
root@archiso ~ #
디스크 파티션 생성 #
ip addr show
lsblk
# Output
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 766.5M 1 loop /run/archiso/airootfs
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 529M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 99M 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 16M 0 part
├─sda4 8:4 0 445.8G 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 677M 0 part
sdb 8:16 1 3.8G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 1 917M 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 1 15M 0 part
# choose partition drive you want to use
# sdb seems to be the UEFI USB
fdisk /dev/sda
#### Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.39.3) ####
# print layout
Command: p
---
Disk model: Maxtor Z1 SSD 48
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 3BC240C3-0837-446D-A76B-BFD95820AFEC
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1085439 1083392 529M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda2 1085440 1288191 202752 99M EFI System
/dev/sda3 1288192 1320959 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda4 1320960 936312831 934991872 445.8G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda5 936312832 937699327 1386496 677M Windows recovery environment
---
# give empty partion table
Command: g
---
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 03DAC614-9A82-414F-99D3-87701165B8BD).
---
Command: p # now empty
---
Disk /dev/sda: 447.13 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Disk model: Maxtor Z1 SSD 48
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 03DAC614-9A82-414F-99D3-87701165B8BD
---
Command: n # new partition
---
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-937703054, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-937703054, default 937701375): +1G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ntfs signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y # !! will wipe out
## end of creating first partion for boot process
Command: n
Partition number (2-128, default 2):
First sector (2099200-937703054, default 2099200):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2099200-937703054, default 937701375): +1G
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1 GiB.
Command: p # current status
---
Disk /dev/sda: 447.13 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Disk model: Maxtor Z1 SSD 48
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 03DAC614-9A82-414F-99D3-87701165B8BD
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G Linux filesystem
Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 1 will be wiped.
---
# 3rd partition will be used to install Linux
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (3-128, default 3):
First sector (4196352-937703054, default 4196352):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (4196352-937703054, default 937701375): # also leave blank to make sure to allocate all remaining space
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 445.1 GiB.
Command: t
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Partition type or alias (type L to list all): 44
Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command: p # current status
---
Disk /dev/sda: 447.13 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Disk model: Maxtor Z1 SSD 48
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 03DAC614-9A82-414F-99D3-87701165B8BD
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 4196352 937701375 933505024 445.1G Linux LVM
Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 1 will be wiped.
---
# fully committing, *NO GOING BACK*
Command: w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# now it will exit fdisk
디스크 파티션 초기화 #
# Now, continue in `root@archiso ~` shell
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 # partition 1
# output
mkfs.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 #partition 2
# output, in my case discarding Windows
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
/dev/sda2 contains `Windows Event Trace Log' data
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1fc4b74a-1b58-4d37-a882-d8bff3506a15
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
디스크 파티션 암호화 #
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda3 # Where all of our data goes in
WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/sda3 irrevocably.
Are you sure? (Type 'yes' in capital letters): YES
Enter passphrase for /dev/sda3: # password needed for every boot
Verify passphrase:
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/sda3 23.89s user 0.41s system 67% cpu 35.883 total
# now its partition is encrypted
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) 설정 #
# `lvm` here is just an arbitrary value
cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sda3 lvm
# output
cryptsetup open --type luks /dev/sda3 lvm 6.74s user 0.08s system 168% cpu 4.054 total
# create a volume for lvm
pvcreate /dev/mapper/lvm
Physical volume "/dev/mapper/lvm" successfully created.
# create volume group
vgcreate volgroup0 /dev/mapper/lvm
Volume group "volgroup0" successfully created
# create logical volume
lvcreate -L 30GB volgroup0 -n lv_root # named lv_root in this section, and its for our root filesystem
Logical volume "lv_root" created.
lvcreate -L 250GB volgroup0 -n lv_home # can adjust this value, in this case just want to have unclaimed space for it
Logical volume "lv_home" created.
# clarify
vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name volgroup0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 445.11 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 113949
Alloc PE / Size 71680 / 280.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 42269 / 165.11 GiB
VG UUID 6DaiIX-OPYe-0OOf-7jjY-uvCm-hAU0-2MezI2
lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/volgroup0/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name volgroup0
LV UUID 4TCrsv-ej1s-ztKb-N6xk-kZGr-gJPT-11ExxE
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time archiso, 2024-03-01 00:18:42 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 30.00 GiB
Current LE 7680
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/volgroup0/lv_home
LV Name lv_home
VG Name volgroup0
LV UUID Au9nJC-vduG-807c-jAyZ-J3kB-C2nz-iETE4D
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time archiso, 2024-03-01 00:23:09 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 250.00 GiB
Current LE 64000
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:2
modprobe dm_mod
vgscan
Found volume group "volgroup0" using metadata type lvm2
vgchange -ay # activate all volumes
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "volgroup0" now active
mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgroup0/lv_root
# output
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 7864320 4k blocks and 1966080 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5337cf64-d898-49bb-ac62-974dff350ab2
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mkfs.ext4 /dev/volgroup0/lv_home
# output
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 65536000 4k blocks and 16384000 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 75c4f8d6-d48a-41a0-9202-47a06776c0d3
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mount /dev/volgroup0/lv_root /mnt
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot
mkdir /mnt/home
mount /dev/volgroup0/lv_home /mnt/home
필요 패키지 설정 #
pacman이나 apt가 아닌 pacstrap이 무엇인지 궁금하시다면, 다음 사이트를 참고해주세요: https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/o94huw/difference_between_pacman_s_and_pacstrap/
pacstrap -i /mnt base
# ...
# pacstrap -i /mnt base 9.59s user 4.23s system 70% cpu 19.467 total
# edit fstab file
# to mount at boot time
genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
cat /mnt/etc/fstab
# Static information about the filesystems.
# See fstab(5) for details.
# <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# /dev/mapper/volgroup0-lv_root
UUID=5337cf64-d898-49bb-ac62-974dff350ab2 / ext4 rw,relatime 0 1
# /dev/sda2
UUID=1fc4b74a-1b58-4d37-a882-d8bff3506a15 /boot ext4 rw,relatime 0 2
# /dev/mapper/volgroup0-lv_home
UUID=75c4f8d6-d48a-41a0-9202-47a06776c0d3 /home ext4 rw,relatime 0 2
# If you've followed the step well, it should look like this
arch-chroot로 설치 마무리하기 #
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/chroot https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/arch-install-scripts/arch-chroot.8.en
arch-chroot /mnt
# command prompt changed
passwd
---
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
useradd -m -g users -G wheel jaehong21
# primary group: users
# wheel to access sudo
passwd jaehong21
---
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
기본 패키지 설치 #
pacman -S base-devel dosfstools grub efibootmgr lvm2 mtools vim networkmanager openssh os-prober sudo
# os-prober (when dual boot is needed)
# pacman -S gnome gnome-tweaks (for GUI desktop)
# (Optional)
systemctl enable sshd
리눅스 커널 설치 #
pacman -S linux linux-headers
# optional (for fail-safe, backup kernel)
pacman -S linux-lts linux-lts-headers
# optional (for hardwares)
pacman -S linux-firmware
GPU 드라이버 설치 #
lspci # giving PCI info
# If you have Intel or AMD GPU
pacman -S mesa
# If you have NVIDIA GPU
pacman -S nvidia nvidia-utils
pacman -S nvidia-lts # for linux-lts
# for Intel
pacman -S intel-media-driver
# for AMD
pacman -S libva-mesa-driver
# for NVIDIA
# video decoding is included
커널을 위한 RAM 디스크 설정 #
vim /etc/mkinitpio.conf
# at the HOOKS line
# add `encrypt lvm2` between `block` and `filesystems`
# without it kernel don't know how to deal with encryption & lvm2
mkinitcpio -p linux
# check in the
# -> Running build hook: []
# if there is `encrypt` and `lvm2`
mkinitcpio -p linux-lts # need to do for every kernel installed
locale 및 GRUB 부팅 설정 #
vim /etc/locale.gen
# uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
locale-gen
vim /etc/default/grub
# GRUB_CMDLINE_DEFAULT
# between `loglevel=3` and `quiet`, add `cryptdevice=/dev/sda3:volgroup0`
# still in status in arch-chroot at /mnt
mkdir /boot/EFI
mount /dev/sda1 /boot/EFI
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=grub_uefi --recheck
---
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# if gnome is installed, shows login screen
# gdm: gnome display manager
systemctl enable gdm
systemctl enable NetworkManager
# exit chroot
exit
umount -a # unmount everything
# can ignore errors
reboot
# now it will show the gnome GUI
그럼 이제 기본적인 Arch Linux 운영체제 설치와 관련된 세팅은 모두 끝이 났습니다!